Hydrocarbon Processing: 1994-Present Cumulative Index Subject-CA

<%@ LANGUAGE=VBScript %> <% Option Explicit %> <% bConfidential = True iPublication = 24 %> Hydrocarbon Processing: 1994-Present Cumulative Index Subject-CA

cumulative index: 1994 – present

Author: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q-R | S | T | U-V | W | X-Y-Z

Subject: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H I | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W

Catalytic Cracking		Date

	ACHEMA '94 perspective: What's ahead for propylene supply? A tighter situation lies ahead, especially in the U.S. Some relief will come from gasoline oxygenation and FCC units, but not enough to offset the decline	May-94
	Advanced Process Control and Information Systems Handbook This handbook-type industry reference source is produced biennially by the staff of Hydrocarbon Processing magazine. Licensors have provided flow diagrams and descriptions of major process control and information systems technologies. It is unique in that it shows how these technologies are applied to specific HPI processes and plants. The Handbook has become the user reference when implementing these advanced control and information system projects in the hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI).
	Advanced Process Control and Information Systems 1995	Sep-95
	Advanced Process Control and Information Systems 1997	Sep-97
	Advanced Process Control and Information Systems 1999	Sep-99
	Advanced Process Control and Information Systems 2001	Sep-01
	Advanced Process Control and Information Systems 2003	Oct-03
	Advanced Process Control and Information Systems 2005	Oct-05
	Balance hydrogen consumption Atomic, molar and energy-based models can improve refinery operation	Dec-01
	Benchmarking FCC units Use this tool to track unit performance	Dec-98
	C₅ alkylate: a superior blending component This material has advantages for refiners using the complex model	Feb-94
	Calculate nonfluidized flow in cyclone diplegs and transition pipes A new method gives results superior to empirical methods	Dec-95
	Case history: Desulfurization of FCC naphtha This refiner used pilot-plant testing of actual refinery FCC streams to find the best technology for blending 10-ppm gasoline	Feb-04
	Case history: Fawley FCCU olefins project Careful planning enabled the delivery, construction and installation of a replacement 860-ton reactor within a 64-day turnaround	Feb-04
	Cat naphtha sulfur management: undercut or not? Several processing options can create a high-sulfur heavy cat naphtha that concentrates FCC sulfur into one stream	Feb-01
	Combine temperature surveys, field tests and gamma scans for effective troubleshooting Each method offers pros and cons; yet combined, these techniques form a powerful tool to diagnose operational problems in fractionators	Apr-03
	Consider a practical approach to vacuum unit revamps Here are some major operating issues to evaluate in the front-end design	Jan-06
	Consider improving refining and petrochemical integration as revenue-generating option FCC operating may be an increasing propylene source due to new processing methods	Nov-01
	Consider integrating refining and petrochemical operations Converting low-value gas oil streams via hydrocracking yields high-value olefins feedstocks	Feb-04
	Consider modifying your refinery to handle heavy opportunity crude oils To process high-sulfur crudes, refiners must retrofit older processing units to capitalize on �dirty� feedstocks	Sep-05
	Consider new FCC technologies to produce low-sulfur gasoline Capital-free techniques such as catalyst and additive programs are viable options when meeting clean fuel specifications	Sep-03
	Consider new synergistic methods to upgrade bitumen Innovative methods conserve energy resources for oil sands projects	Dec-07
	Consider new technology to produce 'clean' diesel Advances in catalysts enable cracking gasoils at moderate pressures	Feb-08
	Consider over-the-fence product stream swapping to raise profitability By exchanging process streams, neighboring HPI facilities can increase yields without new unit construction.	Mar-02
	Consider using integrated hydroprocessing methods for processing clean fuels New catalyst systems fine-tune cracking heavy refractory feeds for FCC and hydrocracking units	Sep-07
	Consider using new technology to improve FCC unit reliability In this revamp project, installing new equipment increased throughput with the added bonus of greater mechanical integrity for the unit	Feb-04
	Consider using reverse jet scrubber technology for FCC offgases Installing this technology helped a refinery meet its air and particulate emissions	Sep-05
	Control cyanides at source A refiner develops an action plan to reduce cyanide emissions from FCCU sour water streams	Jul-98
	Control FCC flue-gas emissions An innovative approach removes SO_x, NO_x and particulates from gas streams with minimized effluents and byproducts	Jul-00
	Control iron contamination in resid FCC With new techniques, refiners can detect and recover from this poisoning	Nov-01
	Controlling FCCU power recovery trains during a breaker trip With this algorithm, the process can be operated more efficiently and reliably	Mar-99
	Convert oil sands into distillate cost-effectively New hydrocracking methods upgrades bitumen into low-sulfur naphtha	Jan-06
	Distinguishing online optimization benefits from those of advanced controls An FCCU case study illustrates the procedure	Jun-00
	Do we need relief valves on FCC main fractionators? Analysis shows that in some cases the system is inherently safe	Oct-01
	Dynamic monitoring system for FCC product qualities Neural network technology increased light oil product recovery	Apr-01
	Economic analysis of FCCU control re-examined Common statistical rules-of-thumb for estimating control performance may need to be revised to reflect technology developments	Apr-99
	Economically recover olefins from FCC offgases Combining streams from adjacent refineries can prove to be economically feasible	Apr-97
	EU environmental laws impact fuels’ requirements European refiners will have to make adjustments and investments to meet 2000/2005 "clean" gasoline and diesel specifications	May-00
	FCCU main fractionator revamp for CARB gasoline production Here is one refiner�s experience with a major project to produce clean gasoline	Feb-98
	Fine-tune catalyst addition rates mple method dynamically optimizes E-catalyst activity in fluid catalytic crackers	Aug-07
	Fine-tuning coker operating conditions improves downstream process performance Flexible design strategies increase refining profitability	Sep-07
	Fluid catalytic cracking—a diesel producing machine Advanced catalyst systems maximize middle distillate yields	Feb-08
	Gas Processes Handbook This handbook-type industry reference source features the latest commercially viable gas processing processes categorized by process function. It contains flow diagrams and descriptions of commercially viable gas processing processes from licensors. Included are drying, treating, contaminant removal, cleanup, hydrogen, liquefied natural gas, syngas, sulfur, gas-to-liquids, etc. Each process description includes a full color flow diagram as well as application, operation, economic, yield and licensor information. The processes are indexed by process and contributing company.
	Gas Processes '94	Apr-94
	Gas Processes ’96	Apr-96
	Gas Processes ’98	Apr-98
	Gas Processes 2000	Apr-00
	Gas Processes 2002	May-02
	Gas Processes 2004	Feb-04
	Gas Processes 2006	Jan-06
	Gas Processes Handbook 2006 Overview of licensors and selected process descriptions	Jan-06
	General reactor model improves HPI applications Applying new tools, refiners can optimize revamp, and modernize existing process units	Jul-99
	How FCCU trickle valves affect catalyst losses Here are the fundamental forces that affect their operation and the pros and cons of various types	May-07
	How to select a continuous emission monitoring system Prepare a well-thought-out, well-written, comprehensive specification proposal, and evaluate all potential suppliers carefully	Feb-94
	HPI Construction Boxscore Published three times a year and used for years by engineers, contractors, and marketing personnel to identify active construction projects around the world for sales information, market research, and planning. Data includes project type, plant capacity, geographic area, operating company, engineering company, construction company, licensor.
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, February '94	Feb-94
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, June '94	Jun-94
	HPI Construction Boxscore, October '94	Oct-94
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, February '95	Feb-95
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, June '95	Jun-95
	HPI Construction Boxscore, October '95	Oct-95
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, February '96	Feb-96
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, June '96	Jun-96
	HPI Construction Boxscore, October '96	Oct-96
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, February '97	Feb-97
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, June '97	Jun-97
	HPI Construction Boxscore, October '97	Oct-97
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, February '98	Feb-98
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, June '98	Jun-98
	HPI Construction Boxscore, October '98	Oct-98
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, February '99	Feb-99
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, June '99	Jun-99
	HPI Construction Boxscore, October '99	Oct-99
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, February '00	Feb-00
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, June '00	Jun-00
	HPI Construction Boxscore, October '00	Oct-00
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, February '01	Feb-01
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, June '01	Jun-01
	HPI Construction Boxscore, October '01	Oct-01
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, February '02	Feb-02
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, June '02	Jun-02
	HPI Construction Boxscore, October '02	Oct-02
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, February '03	Feb-03
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, June '03	Jun-03
	HPI Construction Boxscore, October '03	Oct-03
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, February '04	Feb-04
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, June '04	Jun-04
	HPI Construction Boxscore, October '04	Oct-04
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, February '05	Feb-05
	HPI Construction Boxscore Update, June '05	Jun-05
	HPI Construction Boxscore, October '05	Oct-05
	Hydroprocessing/FCC synergy This 'new' process technology already exists in your refinery	Aug-96
	Improve benzene production from refinery sources A new cracking route reduces cost of benzene while coproducing ethylene	Apr-02
	Improve catalytic cracking to produce clean fuels Update the cracker heat balance to minimize coke make	Feb-05
	Improve corrosion control in refining processes Using inhibitors and new metallurgical technology can restrain environmental cracking when processing high sulfur feedstocks	Nov-95
	Improve FCC expander reliability under off-design conditions Process operation can be changed to avoid problems	Jan-99
	Improve FCC yields to meet changing environment – Part 1 Consider new technologies that reduce gas make while minimizing product losses from catalytic cracking operations	Sep-04
	Improve FCC yields to meet changing environment – Part 2 A high content of residual elements was the suspected cause	Oct-04
	Improve FCCU refractory-lined piping design Procedures offer practical steps to achieve an economic, flexible and up-to-code arrangement	Jul-98
	Improve haze removal for FCC gasoline This refinery used advanced coalescer techniques to separate very stable emulsions and dispersions by mechanical means.	Aug-01
	Improve your coking process Lowering coke drum pressure can increase liquid yield and reduce coke make	Feb-94
	Improved scrubbing methods control pollutants from FCCUs A major European refiner installed an advanced wet scrubbing unit to reduce SO₂ emissions	May-05
	Increase light olefins production New methods based on proven FCC technology provide additional olefins source	Apr-04
	Integrated approach to materials management: a case study Business process re-engineering provided a substantial improvement to this function	Nov-02
	Is bottomless-barrel refining possible? Future energy demand will involve innovative methods that can upgrade residual products	Sep-07
	Maximize propylene production New process enables olefins producers to recover more C₃= without sacrificing C₂=	Mar-98
	Maximize propylene yields New developments in FCC additives and catalyst management increase C₃ make	Sep-05
	Minimize capital investment for refinery revamps An optimized process design aims to fully use existing equipment	Jan-97
	Minimize FCCU startup problems Here�s a discussion of mistakes that frequently occur after unit turnaround and recommendations for preventing them	Jun-97
	Multivariable control and real-time optimization � an industrial practical view Here�s what can be achieved with each technology and how they are integrated at this plant	Jun-05
	Multivariable controller increased MTBE complex capacity Throughput was raised by simultaneously considering all possible constraints	Mar-97
	New refinery stream profiles available Joint HPI research effort collects and produces listed component concentrations data for reporting purposes	Aug-97
	Noncapital intensive technologies reduce FCC sulfur content – Part 1 Innovative solutions such as catalysts and membranes can be used to navigate a �roadmap� for clean fuels agenda	Feb-03
	Noncapital intensive technologies reduce FCC sulfur content – Part 2 Using novel membrane technology, refiners have new solutions to treat gasoline for sulfur	Mar-03
	Oil refiners� gathering storm: Help is on the way Heavy oil upgrading could be key in calming the potentially dangerous turbulence generated by the global heavy oil/light oil imbalance	Sep-05
	Online implementation of composite LP optimizes FCCU/GPU complex Coordinating control of both units simultaneously resulted in substantial benefits	Feb-99
	Optimize coker operations Refiners can update coking units via two methods-recycle or zero-recycle operations. Depending on the capability of downstream units either option can be used as part of clean fuels program	Sep-03
	Optimize FCC flue-gas emission control – Part 1 Upcoming environmental regulations will require tighter control measures for FCC units. So, what are the best options?	Sep-02
	Optimize FCC flue-gas emission control – Part 2 Regenerator design plays a crucial role when limiting NO_x emissions	Oct-02
	Petrochemical Processes Handbook Handbook-type industry reference source, features the latest technological developments and advancements . Each including flow diagram and application, description, operation, economic, yield and licensor information. Processing innovations encompass high-activity catalyst systems, value-added end products, higher product purities, higher yields, energy-conservation methods, byproduct reduction, etc.. Included are commercially viable processes ranging from alkylbenzene to xyleneisomers.
	Petrochemical Processes ’95	Mar-95
	Petrochemical Processes ’97	Mar-97
	Petrochemical Processes ’99	Mar-99
	Petrochemical Processes 2001	Mar-01
	Petrochemical Processes 2003	Mar-03
	Petrochemical Processes 2005	Mar-05
	Process design and optimization ’96 Report describes process simulation technology for specific applications. Included are process names, diagrams, applications, descriptions, objectives, economics, installations, licensors and a complete list of process submissions	Jun-96
	Process simulation and design '94 This first-of-a-kind report describes today's process simulation and design technology for specific applications. It includes process names, diagrams, applications, descriptions, objectives, economics, installations, licensors, and a complete list of process submissions	Jun-94
	Protect processing catalysts from feedstock contaminants Effective feedstock filtration can extend service life for catalytic systems and optimize reactor performance	Aug-03
	Refinery analytical techniques optimize unit performance Use these laboratory tests to identify contaminants and improve operations	Nov-95
	Refinery expansion/upgrading means lighter, quality products Processing routes needed in both new and existing refineries help meet both product demand and environmental requirements	Jan-94
	Refining in the Former Soviet Union Tours of two refineries in central Asia reveal plant conditions as compared to Western facilities	Aug-97
	Refining Processes Handbook Handbook-type industry reference source has been expanded this year. It contains flow diagrams and descriptions of leading-edge, licensed refining technologies. Specific processing operations include coking, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, fluid catalytic cracking, resid catalytic cracking, alkylation, catalytic reforming, ethers and more. Licensors contributed process flow diagrams, products, process descriptions, economics, installations and other vital information. The flow diagrams and summary descriptions define typical licensed processes used by modern refineries.
	Refining Processes �94	Nov-94
	Refining Processes '96	Nov-96
	Refining Processes '98	Nov-98
	Refining Processes 2000	Nov-00
	Refining Processes 2002	Nov-02
	Refining Processes 2004	Sep-04
	Re-invent fluid catalytic cracking Innovative technologies and catalysts are changing the role FCC is used to yield cleaner transportation fuels	Sep-04
	Revamp your hydrotreater for deep desulfurization Retrofit projects involve defining the limits on existing equipment, understanding the costs for replacement and optimizing unit design parameters	Feb-02
	Revamped FCC debutanizer yields flexibility with more capacity Since not achieving goals from an earlier retrofit, a refiner investigated this column's distillation internals to maximize value creation	Aug-00
	Startup, shutdown and control of refinery packed fractionator Remember these important factors when operating revamped columns	Nov-95
	Stop foaming on hydrotreater ‘hot’ separator After an optimization revamp, a refiner encounters liquid carry-over problems that restrict capacity	Jun-99
	Tune-up your FCCU expander Use these guidelines to optimize power recovery	Aug-94
	Understand FCCU heat integration New configuration minimizes capital cost in some applications	Nov-02
	Updated advanced controls improve hydrocracker performance Newer-technology multivariable predictive controllers can be cost-effective, even on units that already use previous generations	Oct-94
	Upgrade catalytic cracking operations New processing methods fine-tune gasoline for the Chinese market	Feb-05
	Upgrade FCC-feed hydrotreating New study indicates that optimized pretreatment of FCC streams can yield clean, direct blending streams for gasoline and diesel	Sep-05
	Use coalescing methods to solve emulsion problems Case histories show how to cost-effectively separate two immiscible liquids	Nov-95
	Use desalting for FCC feedstocks This technology can improve operations and profitability in a nontraditional application	Aug-96
	Use FCC feed pretreating methods to remove sulfur Refiners should consider partial-conversion hydrocracking techniques to make ‘clean fuels,’ increase product yields and improve refinery margins	Nov-99
	Use new catalyst technologies to process ultra-low-sulfur diesel Innovative dewaxing methods can be used to improve cold-flow properties for 'clean' diesel in cold winter climates	Feb-08
	Use process integration to improve FCC/VRU design, Part 1	Mar-95
	Use process integration to improve FCC/VRU design, Part 2 Pinch analysis tools measure design efficiency and suggest improvements	Apr-95
	Use TAME and heavier ethers to improve gasoline properties Decrease olefins, Rvp and increase oxygen production by FCC gasoline etherification	Feb-95
	Use techno-economic benchmark to review supply-chain models Value profile of crude and high vacuum unit fractions is the key for crude selection and, thus, refinery profitability	Oct-05
	Using creep life assessment of FCCU internals to determine operational reliability These guidelines can help avoid failures	Feb-04

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