Hydrocarbon Processing: 1994-Present Cumulative Index Subject-REG

<%@ LANGUAGE=VBScript %> <% Option Explicit %> <% bConfidential = True iPublication = 24 %> Hydrocarbon Processing: 1994-Present Cumulative Index Subject-REG - RZZ

cumulative index: 1994 – present

Author: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q-R | S | T | U-V | W | X-Y-Z

Subject: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H I | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W

Rotating Equipment see also Compressors, Maintenance, Motors, Pumps and Turbines		Date

	A case study in rapid machinery turnarounds Here's how several major repairs were accomplished in less than a month	Jan-01
	A quick guide to compressor suction knockout drum sizing Mist eliminator and gravity settling methods are reviewed	Jun-03
	Advanced technologies provide improved economics for liquefied natural gas facilities New integrated liquids recovery/vaporization method maximizes terminal operator options	Jan-08
	Analyze bearing problems by ball path inspection Use these guidelines for examining the contact surfaces of rolling elements to determine causes of failure	Apr-94
	Analyzing gear failures Use this information to identify and eliminate problems	Apr-00
	Apply mechanical reliability principles to turbomachinery design Use these guidelines to improve availability	Oct-00
	Avoid open impeller failures Numerical methods can help determine causes of failure	Aug-02
	Bearing endurance and reliability – a user's perspective Use this life estimating method for critical unspared equipment	Dec-04
	Behavior of dry-running piston rod sealing systems in crosshead compressors Various designs and materials were investigated	Sep-04
	Better metallurgy for process equipment Use these engineering and application data to aid selection	Jan-94
	Better reciprocating compressor capacity control Developments in the automotive and electronics industries are enabling improvements	Feb-97
	Boost gas turbine performance by inlet air cooling Use these guidelines to evaluate the options	Feb-04
	Build a better NGL sour water stripping unit Better design practices can enhance process performance	Jan-03
	Case 2: The hidden load in a three-bearing machine A screening analysis helps in understanding the cause	Apr-01
	Case 3: Shaft galling in a bushing When troubleshooting, the cause may not be as obvious as it appears	Jun-01
	Case 9: The machine remembered Machines have a memory of overstressed conditions	Jun-02
	Case 15: The thermally bowed shaft Just a slight rub can self-generate more heat	Jun-03
	Case 17: Wreck of a centrifugal pump Understanding the entire flow system is important when determining the cause of a failure	Oct-03
	Case 19: A steam turbine diaphragm failure Confined water converted to steam develops high pressures	Feb-04
	Case 20: Cold startup bearing failures Excessive clearance and hard starts can cause problems	Apr-04
	Case 21: Analyzing a spline failure Torsional spline failures are telling you something	Jun-04
	Case 22: The mysterious bending of impeller blades A quick analysis helps solve an unexplained failure	Aug-04
	Case 23: Analyzing a crack-like defect in a vessel wall You should know what needs to be done but not necessarily how to do it	Oct-04
	Case 24: The moving gearbox Thermal distortions can move a 50-ton gearbox	Dec-04
	Case 30: One cause of a pump not pumping A stronger pump can block out the weaker one	Dec-05
	Case 37: Can you tell me how long it will last? Troubleshooting differs from design	Mar-07
	Case 38: Extruder wear prediction An analysis can help avoid wear problems before they occu	May-07
	Case 40: Troubleshooting gear face damage A simple analysis can help in determining the root cause of the failure	Sep-07
	Case 41: Cracking of a rotary dryer An analysis can help provide a plan forward	Nov-07
	Case 42: Torsional vibration problems can be costly The results are hammering of the gears and fretting of the splines	Jan-08
	Case 43: Containing a failed impeller A quick analysis can help direct further efforts	Mar-08
	Case study in reliability implementation These guidelines can be beneficial to any plant	Aug-02
	Centrifugal pump selection and upgrading for revised operating conditions Consider these options to reduce capital, energy and maintenance costs	May-05
	Combine troubleshooting and continuous monitoring of dynamic data for critical machinery Advanced systems provide more data and increase reliability	Aug-05
	Condition monitoring for reciprocating compressors Practical experience with computer-aided online systems shows how useful they can be	Sep-02
	Consider cryogenic methods to improve ammonia production New technologies enable reducing the size of primary reformer and lowering energy consumption	Oct-01
	Consider diaphragm pumps for high environmental demands Other benefits include lower maintenance costs and higher efficiency	Aug-03
	Consider dividing wall distillation to separate solvents Using an established technology as part of a revamp installation provided new products at lower capital and operating costs than conventional methods	Jul-05
	Consider dual independent expander refrigeration for LNG production New methodology may enable reducing cost to produce stranded gas	Jan-04
	Consider dual magnetic hermetic bearing housing seals to protect both assets and the environment Here's where they can be used to improve reliability and reduce emissions from oil-mist lubrication systems	Nov-04
	Consider modeling tools to revamp existing process units In this case history, a refiner uses simulation models with plant test data to debottleneck a crude unit	Jun-00
	Consider online predictive technology to reduce electric motor maintenance costs Continuous monitoring can increase plant revenue and minimize downtime	Jul-02
	Consider physical solvents to treat natural gas New systems cost-effectively remove high-CO2 concentrations to meet pipeline specs	Jun-03
	Consider regenerative pumps for low-flow/low-NPSH applications In low-flow applications they use less horsepower when ‘curve run-out' is considered	Aug-04
	Consider revamping hydrotreaters to handle higher H₂ partial pressures Most clean fuel programs will reuse existing equipment. A thorough review of pressure ratings can optimize design opportunities	Mar-04
	Consider trigeneration techniques for process plants An enhancement to cogeneration, this technology produces heat, power and refrigeration	Jul-97
	Consider using hydrogen plants to cogenerate power needs Many forces are reshaping the worldwide hydrogen market; refiners have several options to receive steam and electrical power from a hydrogen plant	Dec-99
	Control VOC emissions Consider these helpful suggestions to reduce or eliminate hydrocarbon or toxic emissions in process plant	Aug-95
	Controlling FCCU power recovery trains during a breaker trip With this algorithm, the process can be operated more efficiently and reliably	Mar-99
	Cost-effectively improve hydrotreater designs When retrofitting for clean fuels specification, consider present and future flexibility of licensed hydrotreating technologies	Nov-01
	Cost-effectively reduce emissions for natural gas processing Through an industry-government initiative, companies can voluntarily identify and carry out operating methods to minimize greenhouse gas releases	Oct-99
	Criteria for recalibrating automatic sampling systems in crude service Use these guidelines to determine when recalibration is necessary	Aug-02
	Cure liquid carryover from compressor suction drums Here's how to apply mist eliminators for higher throughput and efficiency	Oct-04
	Cut your energy bills A European olefins plant used tailor-made, integrated solutions that reduced energy costs with minimal capital expenditure	Jun-05
	Detect shaft cracks earlier Case study shows how an online monitoring system prevented a potentially catastrophic incident	Nov-95
	Developments in the ammonia process To meet rising demand, producers seek methods to conserve energy and increase plant efficiencies	Jul-01
	Dry gas seals and support systems: benefits and options Follow these guidelines for proper specification, installation and maintenance	Nov-03
	Duplex versus triplex architectures for process control systems There is no significant availability difference when the impact of field devices is considered	Jun-03
	Dry gas seals and support systems: benefits and options Follow these guidelines for proper specification, installation and maintenance	Nov-03
	Effect of heat stable salts on MDEA solution corrosivity, Part 1 New testing gives recommended limits of each species and the impact of temperature and pH	Mar-96
	Effective machinery monitoring: getting the most for your investment Here’s why, when, where and how to make the effort	Mar-00
	Enhancing equipment performance and operating life: an update Four upgrade opportunities are presented	May-07
	Flexible-element couplings: How safe is safe? Use these guidelines to help evaluate disc and diaphragm designs for turbomachinery	Dec-94
	Gas Processes Handbook This handbook-type industry reference source features the latest commercially viable gas processing processes categorized by process function. It contains flow diagrams and descriptions of commercially viable gas processing processes from licensors. Included are drying, treating, contaminant removal, cleanup, hydrogen, liquefied natural gas, syngas, sulfur, gas-to-liquids, etc. Each process description includes a full color flow diagram as well as application, operation, economic, yield and licensor information. The processes are indexed by process and contributing company.
	Gas Processes '94	Apr-94
	Gas Processes ’96	Apr-96
	Gas Processes ’98	Apr-98
	Gas Processes 2000	Apr-00
	Gas Processes 2002	May-02
	Gas Processes 2004	Feb-04
	Gas Processes 2006	Jan-06
	Gas Processes Handbook 2006 Overview of licensors and selected process descriptions	Jan-06
	Gas turbine fuel nozzle refurbishment Follow these guidelines to improve reliability and reduce emissions	Jan-04
	Gear standards: comparing ratings and requirements Understanding the differences can help reduce problems	Aug-02
	How piston ring design affects dry-running hydrogen compressor capacity Tests reveal the best choices	Jan-04
	How the best petrochemical companies will achieve reliability Here are availability issues that will likely be addressed to maximize profitability in the next decade	Jul-96
	How to comply with VOC emission requirements cost-effectively Reduction program limits and investments to achieve compliance are compared	Sep-96
	How to renovate a 50-year-old wastewater treating plant, Part 1 Refinery project team uses value-based engineering, creative thinking and 'customer focus' to revamp a waste- and stormwater sewer system to meet Benzene NESHAP	Jan-96
	How to renovate a 50-year-old wastewater treating plant, Part 2 Minimizing downtime required installing vapor-control equipment while the API sump was operating	Feb-96
	How to replace CFC refrigerants Field examples show available options to update or retrofit cooling processes	Aug-94
	Hybrid fault patterns for diagnosing gas turbine component degradation Faults and their locations can be identified by analyzing efficiency and vibration simultaneously	Apr-04
	Implement a steam turbogenerator fault detection and diagnosis system Identify and correct faults before they cause catastrophic failures	Aug-03
	Improve compressor containment with dry-gas seals Synthetic fuel manufacturing facility reduces maintenance expenses and steam usage for a methanation process	Dec-99
	Improve condensate recovery systems Using these fundamental design guidelines, plant engineers can improve the operation and reliability of steam distribution lines	Dec-00
	Improve emissions monitoring A Texas refinery uses a consolidated program to cost-effectively control fugitives	Jan-98
	Improve energy recovery in gas processing plants using an HPT Utilizing this innovative technology can help realize substantial savings	Jan-05
	Improve FCCU expander reliability Analysis of a failure in a refinery provided insights into improving operation and system design	Mar-94
	Improve gas interchangeability for LNG terminals Quality issues on imported natural gas will require more processing at receiving sites	Jan-08
	Improve NGL plant performance Process engineers troubleshoot unstable process circuits	Aug-01
	Improve NGL recovery Processing conditions and product specifications determine the best method to recover NGLs	May-01
	Improve predictive maintenance with HFE monitoring Tests and in-plant experience show this technique is cost-effective for smaller hp and even noncritical machinery	Jan-94
	Improve pump load evaluation Modern piping analysis software is a simple and cost-effective tool to improve system reliability	Apr-98
	Improve reliability of liquid film shaft seals Use these seal and support system guidelines to extend life	Aug-95
	Improve sizing for relief systems Practical guidelines show how to estimate release conditions for compressible fluids and near-critical fluids	Jul-94
	Improve startup of an olefins complex The operations team performed early dryout of plant systems before mechanical completion of the entire plant, thus enabling a trouble-free commissioning of new equipment	Jun-00
	Improve steam turbine efficiency Understand the factors that affect steam consumption	Jun-00
	Improved pump hydraulic selection reduces cavitation risk Follow these guidelines to improve reliability	Aug-04
	Improved regasification methods reduce emissions New technologies promote monetization of global LNG	Jul-05
	Increase power and efficiency of LNG refrigeration compressor drivers All-electric-driven plants can offer many benefits	Jan-03
	Industry initiative sets standards for pumps Operating guideline API 682 details minimum performance requirements for sealing systems to increase reliability	Jan-96
	Influence of piping vibration on pump shaft cracks Vibration analysis found the problem	Aug-98
	Insert flexibility into your hydrogen network – Part 1 Advancements in refinery hydrogen management, technology and utility network can optimize existing and new systems	Sep-05
	Insert flexibility into your hydrogen network – Part 2 Fine-tuning utilities operation can conserve energy management and reduce operating costs	Oct-05
	Integral gas engine compressor failures and solutions Here are the causes and how to remedy them	Dec-03
	Is your process correctly scaled to manufacture consistent product? Mixing technology is a vital parameter for premium processing	Aug-02
	Lessons learned from relocation As in the past, dismantling, relocating and refurbishing a used plant still provides economic incentives today	Dec-95
	LNG receiving and regasification terminal operations Understanding and controlling boil-off gas pressure enhances energy efficiency	Jul-05
	Low technology approach to a better machinery reliability Several basic steps can give good results	Apr-02
	Magnetic-drive pumps: technology and new applications Developments in bearings, containment shells, magnets and cooling techniques improve reliability	Mar-01
	Maximize equipment performance with continuous torque monitoring The data can pinpoint declining turbine or compressor efficiency and increased fuel consumption	Aug-07
	Manage leak detection and repair programs cost-effectively Preparation methods define how to set up a database-management system to monitor/reduce fugitive emissions	Jan-95
	Mechanical seals and energy efficiency Savings can be realized by using the most suitable API seal flush plan	May-08
	Minimize capital investment for refinery revamps An optimized process design aims to fully use existing equipment	Jan-97
	Minimize flaring during ethylene plant startup Using natural gas during commissioning of an ethylene plant diminishes off-spec material generation	Jul-95
	Minimize flaring with flare gas recovery Study discovers a potential for at least $205,000 in annual savings	Jun-02
	Minimize pump downdown Base and foundations are overlooked as primary sources of bearing, shaft and seal problems	Jun-95
	Mitigate failures for reactor effluent air coolers Results from a recent survey list several corrosion control techniques for hydrotreating units handling high sulfur crudes	Oct-99
	Modern online monitoring systems for piston compressors Combining control and data collection improves performance and reduces costs	Aug-03
	Motor considerations for turbomachinery Use these guidelines to properly match driver torque and power requirements to pumps and compressors	Feb-95
	New coatings extend compressor service life A chemical company cost-effectively suppresses polymerization fouling, lengthens process uptime and minimizes maintenance expenses	Oct-95
	New compressor control system saves gas plant energy and increases production Here are the advanced strategies used and project implementation	Aug-07
	New floating-ring seals push the 'uptime envelope' The three-face design handles severe wet-fluid pumping	Aug-07
	North American LNG terminals: Options? Several critical factors should be considered when designing receiving facilities	Jul-05
	NPSHA – how much is enough? Follow these guidelines to avoid pump damage	Oct-04
	Nurturing and expanding engineering resources Current market forces are requiring unique methods to develop staff members	May-07
	Oil mist lubrication for electric motors Use these guidelines to improve reliability and efficiency	Aug-05
	Oil mist system provides rapid payback Benefits included lower maintenance costs and reduced lost production	Aug-04
	Operating cost analysis aids gas turbine selection Examples show how to evaluate options in spreadsheets	Feb-98
	Operating deflection shape analysis - a powerful tool to increase plant reliability The technique provides fast and effective root-cause failure analysis of rotating equipment	Oct-01
	Optimize air compressor performance for GTL plants New mechanical advances enable compression solutions for evolving gas-to-liquids processes	Jan-04
	Optimize ammonia production Operating at lower process pressures reduces gas compression requirements and enables significant cost reductions for related equipment	Jul-99
	Optimize distillation operations with ejectors This heat-pump system can reduce energy consumption for various product separations	Mar-02
	Optimize energy efficiency of HRSG With a better understanding of temperature profiles, plant engineers can increase steam production and minimize losses	Dec-01
	Optimize energy savings on steam generation Steam-turbine selection involves evaluating heat duty vs. work requirements in critical service units	Aug-07
	Optimize ethylene recovery Using multilevel mixed refrigeration (MLMR) with a distributed distillation design provides for greater energy efficiency and significantly reduces purchased equipment costs	Apr-99
	Optimize gas turbine-driven centrifugal compressors 'Designed engineering' increases output by 100 – 500 kW	Nov-00
	Optimize predictive maintenance for rotating and electrical equipment Use this method to determine cost components for implementing the best maintenance program	Jan-98
	Optimize sour water treatment This checklist details several common problems and the workarounds to correct them	Jun-03
	Optimize styrene distillation Several energy-efficient processing schemes reduce ethylbenzene recycle costs	Dec-98
	Oxygen's role in alkanolamine degradation A new study shows the adverse effects and gives recommendations for identifying and avoiding this problem	Jul-98
	Performance testing guidelines for centrifugal compressors Here are the variables to measure and necessary instrumentation	Aug-07
	Petrochemical Processes Handbook Handbook-type industry reference source, features the latest technological developments and advancements . Each including flow diagram and application, description, operation, economic, yield and licensor information. Processing innovations encompass high-activity catalyst systems, value-added end products, higher product purities, higher yields, energy-conservation methods, byproduct reduction, etc.. Included are commercially viable processes ranging from alkylbenzene to xyleneisomers.
	Petrochemical Processes ’95	Mar-95
	Petrochemical Processes ’97	Mar-97
	Petrochemical Processes ’99	Mar-99
	Petrochemical Processes 2001	Mar-01
	Petrochemical Processes 2003	Mar-03
	Petrochemical Processes 2005	Mar-05