Heavy oil fouling due to heat-induced deposition and undesired coke formation during thermal processing is an ongoing challenge. The suspended particle solution model can provide insight into thermal fouling mechanics; thus leading to practices that minimize fouling. Petroleum residua are highly ordered structures in which system free energy is decreased by available component alignment. The suspended particle solution model describes polar asphaltene-like cores surrounded by less polar resinous shells interacting with the solvent oil phase.
Solvated cores are affected by heat exposure. At temperatures below pyrolysis (350°C), the solvation shell is decreased reversibly, exposi
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