Upgrade the ALARP model as a holistic approach to project risk and decision management
The ALARP (as low as reasonably practicable) model was developed by the UK Health and Safety Executive to establish and justify risk acceptability limits.
Safety in design during I&C engineering
After process engineers complete their preliminary documents—process flow diagrams; material and energy balances; piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs); process control philosophy; identification of the hazardous nature of raw materials, chemicals, byproducts and final products; process equipment layout drawings (plan and elevation); and unit plot plans—those documents are issued to engineers of other disciplines.