Catalytic reforming has been a staple in petroleum refining since 1949.
Separation of oil, water, gas and solids (sand) droplets/particles is one of the most common requirements in most oil and gas facilities.
Ahn, E. S.,
Park, S. I.,
Song, I. C.,
Kim, G. B.,
Chang, G. S., GS Engineering and Construction
Most hydroprocessing reactors are fixed-bed reactors comprising several catalyst beds that are divided by quench zones containing mixing chambers that introduce a vapor-quenching medium.
Ceary, P. J.,
Geronimo, G. Di,
Markham, N.,
Groenendijk, S.,
Moreno, Y., Fluor
The blowdown (BD) system in delayed coking units (DCUs) receives waste streams generated during the coke drum (CD) decoking process to recover valuable hydrocarbons and water. In recent DCU designs, the CD pressure relief valves (PRVs) also discharge to this system and then to the flare system via the BD PRVs.
Genç, M.,
Gül, A.,
Avcilar, S.,
Öztürk, B.,
Önen, M. F.,
Akkuş, E., TÜPRAŞ
The fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) is one of the main units providing gasoline with high-octane numbers to the refinery gasoline pool.
With an increase in concern for the environment, countries around the world are implementing stringent environmental regulations and are continuously pressuring refiners to reduce the amount of sulfur in transportation fuels—primarily gasoline and diesel—to combat airborne pollution caused by vehicles.
Shargay, C.,
Carmona, R. K.,
Daru, K.,
Desai, J.,
Irfan, M., Fluor;
Panchal, A., Reliance Industries Ltd.
For pressure vessels, heat exchangers and piping in corrosive services, the materials in contact with the process are often required to be high alloys to provide a reliable service life.
In a refinery or petrochemical plant, certain equipment can create “gray areas” between process engineers and instrument engineers.