Arbogast, S.,
Bellman, D.,
Paynter, D.,
Wykowski, J., AOTA Energy Consultants LLC;
Baldwin, R. M., National Renewable Energy Laboratory
In Part 1 of this article, economic incentives were estimated for relaxing the requirement that biocrude entering the refinery infrastructure be oxygen (O2)-free. It was concluded that an accurate estimate of these incentives is not possible without a significant amount of additional data. Part 2 examines key issues that must be addressed and the associated data needed for this constraint to be relaxed.
Process unit revamps often do not result in a refiner achieving its desired objectives. This is typically not the result of mechanical defects with process equipment.
Many diesel fuel additive companies in North America supply different additive products formulated for diesel-powered equipment.
Where large machines are in use and the overall processes depend on a smoothly functioning plant, companies often rely on fixed maintenance schedules and diagnostic tools.
As a critical catalytic conversion unit, the hydrocracker provides refiners with valuable feedstock and product slate flexibility.
Petron Bataan Refinery (PBR) is the largest integrated crude oil refinery and petrochemicals complex in the Philippines.
Brito Alayón, A.,
de Paz Carmona, H., University of La Laguna;
Macías Hernández, J. J.,
Romero Vázquez, M. A.,
Frontela Delgado, J., CEPSA
A promising route to obtain bio-gasoil (bioGO) or hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) is the catalytic coprocessing of vegetable oil with diesel oil in a conventional hydrotreating unit.
Critchfield, J.,
Valenzuela, D.,
Brok, T.,
Klinkenbijl, J.,
Lee, D., Shell Global Solutions
Enhancing regeneration in amine treating systems has proven beneficial in many applications by improving operations and relieving design limitations via reduced steamrates and/or improved treating performance.
In a market with reduced capital investment budgets, revamps and upgrades are becoming increasingly prevalent to extend asset service life.
The SWAATS process can unload SRU capacity and reduce plugging problems and operating costs in a safer and environmentally-friendly way, especially as refiners find rising amounts of ammonia and SWSG.