All critical process parameters in the hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) are protected when a unit approaches hazardous operating conditions. Usually this is done with a safety instrumented system (SIS). Trip systems can stand alone, where each system functions independently, or there can be a supervisory safety system, where all SISs are linked to a central processing unit (CPU).
The standalone trip system for each supervisory SIS module is designed to protect a particular piece of equipment from hazardous conditions. But it may initiate a chain reaction where an unexpected hazardous condition can be created inadvertently in another part of the process. A chain reaction is especially
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