Heavy industries like refining, petrochemicals and mining have concerns about the availability of fresh water, as these are affected by local water scarcities and stringent water discharge regulations.

Refineries, petrochemical and other process plants face similar challenges in daily operations, as each facility must mitigate risk, anticipate maintenance, optimize operations and minimize operational expenses.

Hydrocarbon Processing was pleased to speak recently with Mark Fonda, Executive Vice President, Engineering and Chief Technical Officer for Meridian Energy Group, which is building two grassroots refineries in the US.

For decades, sulfur reduction processes have been an integral part of refinery operations.

Crude characterization is critical for refinery optimization.