Sensitivity analyses evaluate the effects of changes in certain variables on project simulations or investment economics.1
According to a recent digital refining article,1 fired heaters are responsible for an estimated 400 MMtpy–500 MMtpy of CO2, with at least 73% of average refinery CO2 emissions coming from combustion.
Electric heaters are used in the process industries as an alternative to fired heaters or process heaters—where the heating medium is either steam or any heating fluid—for some specific applications where the process duties are low but fluids are heated to high temperature.
Determining whether or not to operate an air-cooled heat exchanger (ACHE) under natural convection is a challenge due to the limited information available for simulations of an ACHE under operation without fans.
Hydrocarbon Processing, the downstream processing sector’s leading technical publication for 100 yr, has announced the finalists for its sixth annual HP Awards, which celebrate innovative technologies and people that have been instrumental in improving facility operations over the past year.
Multiple defects were found in pressure swing adsorption (PSA) vessels during an outage of one of four PSA process units.
Gentilucci, A.,
Spagnuolo, L., Dow Europe GmbH;
Hughes, A.,
Ruitenbeek, M.,
Vanstaen, A., Dow Benelux BV
Industry faces significant challenges relating to the transition toward cleaner energy and more sustainable feedstocks.
Air-cooled heat exchangers are widely used in the petroleum, petrochemical, natural gas and other industries for cooling purposes. In contrast to a water-cooled system, which consists of a traditional shell-and-tube heat exchanger and a cooling tower, an air-cooled heat exchanger uses ambient air as the main cooling medium.
Many large industrial facilities—including refineries, and chemical and petrochemical plants—are increasingly turning to co-generation for process steam and power production.
This project is intended to make an important contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, establishing the use of low-CO2 technologies in chemical production and reducing the site’s natural gas consumption.