In Part 1 of this article, the assistance provided by standardizations to gain improved vessel performance—vessel outer diameter (OD), component metallurgies, manways and saddles—was discussed.
A method of determining the acid number in crude oil and petroleum products using thermometric titration has been developed by Metrohm and released by the ASTM.
Unintended fugitive emissions from pressurized plant components have long been a key concern for operators as well as regulators.
Critchfield, J.,
Valenzuela, D.,
Brok, T.,
Klinkenbijl, J.,
Lee, D., Shell Global Solutions
Enhancing regeneration in amine treating systems has proven beneficial in many applications by improving operations and relieving design limitations via reduced steamrates and/or improved treating performance.
Corrosion is a major maintenance and reliability concern because it has the potential to impact not only plant operations and costs, but also the environment and worker health and safety.
The four case studies cover component failures and multiple types of leakage: valve packing, expansion joint and corrosion.
Reinberger, P.,
Peral, J. I. B., OMV;
Baks, A.,
Prado, J. P.,
Waters, A., KBC
Fouling in heat exchanger preheat trains is a well-known problem in the refining industry.
The Roxar Corrosion Monitoring system, consisting of wireless-based probes, will provide refineries with flexible, responsive, integrated and accurate corrosion monitoring, according to project officials.
Ethylene manufacturing is a continuous race to be commercially competitive in a volatile global market.
Fouling, which is caused mainly by the deposition and accumulation of an undesired layer of solids on a heat transfer surface, is very common in tubular heat exchangers.